Fevers are prevalent in children. Fevers can happen when the child's immune system is fighting off infections or other medical conditions. At the first sign of attack, the body's defences launch infection-fighting chemicals into the blood. Remembering that fever is a symptom, much like a cough, runny nose, or sore throat is essential. How high the temperature reaches are only sometimes the best indication of whether your child needs to be treated and/or evaluated. Instead, it is important to note how your child behaves and appears.
Ways to check for a fever
Babies and children often develop fever, meaning that their body temperature is higher than usual. It is not accurate to measure a child's temperature just by feeling the skin with your hands. It is best measured using a thermometer that can tell you if your child has a fever and how high the temperature is. The temperature can vary according to the part of the body where it is measured, so always take the temperature at the same place.
Oral- The thermometer is inserted under the tongue, the mouth is closed, and a reading is taken.
Rectal - The thermometer is gently inserted into the rectum (child's bottom), and a reading is taken. This is the most reliable way to check for fever.
Armpit - The thermometer is placed under the armpit, and the arm is held against the side of the body. The safest way to take a temperature is in the centre of the armpit or axilla, with a digital thermometer. It's essential to insert the thermometer vertically to get a precise reading. This is an easy way to take an infant’s or a child's temperature.
Ear- A digital thermometer is inserted into the ear, and a reading is taken.
What type of thermometer should you use?
If your child is younger than 3 years old, a rectal thermometer gives the most accurate reading. You can use an oral thermometer for older children.
Causes of fever in children
- Viral infections (cold, flu, etc.)
- Bacterial infections (Pneumonia, ear infection, strep throat, etc.)
- Medications
- Allergies
- Inflammatory diseases
- Rare disorders (Cancer, Connective tissue disorders etc)
Observe the child
A child with a fever will often appear ill. He/ She may:
- look flushed or pale
- feel hot or cool to the touch
- be fussy or groggy
- have 'goosebumps', shivers or tremors
- sweat and/or
- be thirsty
If your child's temperature is over 37.5° C when measured orally or 38° C when taken rectally, they are considered to have a fever. Depending on your child’s age and how high the temperature is, you may want to allow nature to take its course. Several factors, including easing your child's discomfort, will determine your next steps.
Other points to remember:
- Dress your child lightly. Excess clothing will trap body heat and prevent the temperature from going down. It would be best to avoid heavy blankets; a light sheet is ideal.
- Encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids.
- Give your child a lukewarm bath. Make sure the water doesn't get cold. Please do not allow your child to shiver from hard water, as this can raise his/her body temperature.
- Give them fever medicine. You can give your little one paracetamol or ibuprofen based on the dosage recommendations for their age. You can also contact your doctor if unsure about the recommended dosage. Never give them aspirin.
If my child does have a fever, should I call the doctor?
If your child has a fever and is 3 months of age or younger, call the doctor just to be safe. It is a good idea to see the paediatrician if your child has a prolonged fever or frequent fevers. Your child's fever is probably not concerning if he/ she is eating and drinking well, alert and happy, playing, etc. Even if your child is not eating well, as long as they are eating something, taking in fluids, and urinating, chances are a trip to the emergency room isn't necessary. But immediate medical attention is necessary for certain situations. Call for immediate medical assistance if the child
- cannot be awakened
- has severe breathing issues
- seems confused
- cannot walk or is struggling to move
- has blue lips, tongue, or nails
- has a terrible headache
- has seizures
This aside, a parent's gut check shouldn’t be ignored. There are no complex rules. Keep the above in mind when deciding on the next steps, but always seek the advice of a doctor if you're just not sure what to do. You can expect the kid's temperature or symptoms to improve with the above-mentioned tips. If the fever doesn't subside or your child has other symptoms like vomiting, consult a doctor immediately. You can also talk to a paediatrician for additional tips on easing fever symptoms.
Note:If your child is younger than 3 months and has a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, you should immediately call your child’s healthcare provider.
DO NOT give ibuprofen to children under 6 months of age, unless directed by your provider. DO NOT give your child aspirin due to the risk of a fatal disease called Reyes Syndrome.